Le cellule staminali mesenchimali (CSM) rappresentano un promettente approccio terapeutico per le patologie neurologiche a carattere autoimmune. In lavori precedenti è stato dimostrato che il trattamento con CSM da midollo osseo in un modello di encefalite autoimmune sperimentale (EAS), modello animale di sclerosi multipla, ha un effetto immunomodulate ed è in grado di ridurre la gravità della malattia. In questo lavori dimostriamo che la somministrazione di CSM da tessuto adiposo (CSA) prima dell'insorgenza della malattia è in grado di ridurre significativamente la gravità della malattia, diminuendo infiammazione e demielinizzazione a livello del midollo attraverso un effetto immunomodulante. Le CSA migrano preferibilmente negli organi linfoidi, ma sono in grado di penetrare anche nel sistema nervoso centrale (SNC). Ancora più importante, la somministrazione di CSA in fase cronica di EAS migliora significativamente l'andamento clinico e riduce sia demielinizzazione che perdita assonale, e induce uno shift delle cellule T verso un fenotipo Th2. Abbiamo evidenziato inoltre che una consistente sottopopolazione di CSA esprime l’integrina α4 attivata e tramite microscopia intravitale abbiamo visto che le CSA sono in grado di aderire ai vasi cerebrali infiammati. La bioluminescence imaging conferma che l’inegrina α4 regola la migrazione delle CSA nel SNC infiammato. Dopo esser migrate nelle lesioni di EAS, le CSA portano ad un aumento significativo del numero dei progenitori degli oligodendrociti endogeni. Per quanto riguarda i meccanismo molecolari che stanno alla base di questo effetto, abbiamo visto che le CSA sono in grado di produrre in coltura vascular endothelial growth factor, insulin growth factor-I, basic fibroblast growth factor, brain-derived growth factor e platelet-derived growth factor-AB, sia in condizioni basali che dopo stimoli infiammatori. E’ interessante notare che tutte queste molecole sono coinvolte nella proliferazione sia dei precursori degli oligodendrociti che delle CSA stesse. In conclusione, abbiamo mostrato che le CSA presentano un chiaro effetto terapeutico attraverso un duplice meccanismo: sono in grado sia di sopprimere la risposta immunitaria nelle prime fasi della malattia, sia di indurre una neuro-rigenerazione locale agendo sui progenitori endogeni quando la malattia ha raggiunto una fase cronica. I nostri dati suggeriscono quindi che le CSA possano rappresentare un valido strumento per le terapie cellulari nel trattamento di patologie infiammatorie croniche del SNC.
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) represent a promising therapeutic approach for neurological autoimmune diseases; previous studies have shown that treatment with bone marrow-derived MSC induces immune modulation and reduces disease severity in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an animal model of multiple sclerosis. Here we show that intravenous administration of adipose-derived MSC (ASC) before disease onset significantly reduces the severity of EAE and decreases spinal cord inflammation and demyelination by immune modulation. ASC preferentially home into lymphoid organs, but migrates also inside the central nervous system (CNS). Most importantly, administration of ASC in chronic established EAE significantly ameliorates the disease course and reduces both demyelination and axonal loss, and induces a Th2-type cytokine shift in T cells. Interestingly, a relevant subset of ASC expresses activated α4 integrins and adheres to inflamed brain venules in intravital microscopy experiments. Bioluminescence imaging confirms that α4 integrins control ASC accumulation in inflamed CNS. After penetration within EAE lesions, ASC induce a significant increase of the number of endogenous oligodendrocyte progenitors. As for the mechanisms responsible for such effect, we found that ASC cultures produce vascular endothelial growth factor, insulin growth factor-I, basic fibroblast growth factor, brain-derived growth factor and platelet-derived growth factor-AB both in basal condition and after inflammatory stimulus. Interestingly, these molecules are all involved in the proliferation of both oligodendrocyte precursors and ASC themselves. In conclusion, we show that ASC display clear therapeutic effect by a bimodal mechanism, by suppressing the autoimmune response in early phases of disease as well as by inducing local neuro-regeneration by activating endogenous progenitors in animals with established disease. Overall our data suggest that ASC represent a valuable tool for stem cell-based therapy in chronic inflammatory diseases of the CNS.
Therapeutic efficacy of adipose-derived MSC in chronic experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis
MARCONI, Silvia
2010-01-01
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) represent a promising therapeutic approach for neurological autoimmune diseases; previous studies have shown that treatment with bone marrow-derived MSC induces immune modulation and reduces disease severity in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an animal model of multiple sclerosis. Here we show that intravenous administration of adipose-derived MSC (ASC) before disease onset significantly reduces the severity of EAE and decreases spinal cord inflammation and demyelination by immune modulation. ASC preferentially home into lymphoid organs, but migrates also inside the central nervous system (CNS). Most importantly, administration of ASC in chronic established EAE significantly ameliorates the disease course and reduces both demyelination and axonal loss, and induces a Th2-type cytokine shift in T cells. Interestingly, a relevant subset of ASC expresses activated α4 integrins and adheres to inflamed brain venules in intravital microscopy experiments. Bioluminescence imaging confirms that α4 integrins control ASC accumulation in inflamed CNS. After penetration within EAE lesions, ASC induce a significant increase of the number of endogenous oligodendrocyte progenitors. As for the mechanisms responsible for such effect, we found that ASC cultures produce vascular endothelial growth factor, insulin growth factor-I, basic fibroblast growth factor, brain-derived growth factor and platelet-derived growth factor-AB both in basal condition and after inflammatory stimulus. Interestingly, these molecules are all involved in the proliferation of both oligodendrocyte precursors and ASC themselves. In conclusion, we show that ASC display clear therapeutic effect by a bimodal mechanism, by suppressing the autoimmune response in early phases of disease as well as by inducing local neuro-regeneration by activating endogenous progenitors in animals with established disease. Overall our data suggest that ASC represent a valuable tool for stem cell-based therapy in chronic inflammatory diseases of the CNS.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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