La tesi ha ad oggetto l'analisi della distinzione tra internal ed external questions, esplicitata da Carnap a partire dal 1950. In particolare l'obiettivo di fondo che soggiace alla struttura dell'intero progetto è quello di considerare la possibilità di re-interpretare la distinzione carnapiana e le sue conseguenze - nonostante la critica quinenana - a differenti livelli: linguistico ma soprattutto epistemologico ed ontologico. L'idea è infatti che attraverso l'analisi di questa distinzione - facendo riferimento in questo senso anche agli scritti precedenti e successivi al 1950 - possa emergere, da una parte, la parziale inefficacia della critica quinenana e, dall'altra, l'influenza che questa distinzione ha avuto ed ha tuttora sull'epistemologia post-positiva, nonché sul dibattito ontologico, e in qualche senso metafisico, successivo. Lo studio ha l'obbiettivo, in piena sintonia con quella che è stata indicata come una sorta di renaissance carnapiana, di mostrare come, in maniera fuorviante - appunto dopo la apparentemente definitiva critica quinenana - la proposta di Carnap sia stata accantonata troppo rapidamente, considerandola a tutti gli effetti espressione di una epistemologia fondazionalista. La conclusione cui questo lavoro tende va in direzione opposta, ovvero mira a tentare di evidenziare quali siano, grazie proprio al filo conduttore che la distinzione tra i/e questions rappresenta, le istanze carnapiane presenti anche nei dibattiti epistemologici ed ontologici successivi e più attuali. L'obbiettivo che si intende perseguire nel Capitolo I è principalmente quello di individuare ed analizzare le origini della distinzione formulata da Carnap, tanto in Empiricism, Semantics and Ontology (1950) quanto Replies and Systematic Expositions (1963), tra internal ed external questions cercando di mostrare come essa non sia semplicemente un espediente utilizzato da Carnap, nella fase cosiddetta semantica del suo pensiero, per stabilire quale sia lo statuto delle entità astratte, appunto, in semantica. Il Capitolo II è focalizzato sulla presentazione della critica più accesa alla distinzione carnapiana ovvero sulla posizione formulata da Quine in On Carnap's View on Ontology (1951) e in Carnap and Logical Truth (1960). Nel Capitolo III si da spazio proprio al alcune recenti proposte, in particolare quella sostenuta da Huw Price, che riguardano proprio la possibilità di considerare le posizioni di Carnap e Quine non più antipodali ma, secondo punti di vista differenti, per certi aspetti, connesse. Nel Capitolo IV - tenendo conto delle conclusioni cui si è giunti nei capitoli precedenti, in particolare nel terzo, a proposito della possibile influenza della distinzione tra internal ed external questions sull'epistemologia post-positiva e post-fondazionalista - l'obbiettivo è quello di impostare un confronto tra la proposta carnapiana e la teoria kuhniana delle rivoluzioni scientifiche, a partire dall'analisi del concetto carnapiano di teoria scientifica. Il Capitolo V, infine, considerato il fatto che la distinzione oggetto di questo studio, e in particolare l'articolo in cui essa viene esplicitata, vengono ritenuti i principali riferimenti per ricostruire la posizione che Carnap assume nei confronti delle questioni ontologiche, è dedicato all'approfondimento della prospettiva ontologica e di quello che, dallo stesso Carnap, è stato definito "atteggiamento neutrale".
The central theme of the thesis is the analysis of the distinction between internal and external questions, pointed out by Carnap since 1950. In particular, the main objective on which the structure of the project is based, is to consider the possibility of re-interpreting the carnapian distinction and its consequences - despite Quine criticism - at different levels: linguistic, but mainly epistemological and ontological. The leading idea of this work is actually to consider the possibility that through the analysis of this distinction - referring in this regard also to the writings before and after 1950 - could emerge, on the one hand, the ineffectiveness of partial quinenan criticism and secondly, the influence that this distinction has had and still has on the post-positivist epistemology, as well as on the contemporary ontological debate, in some sense also metaphysical. The aim of the study is, in full harmony with what has been mentioned as a sort of carnapian renaissance, to show how, in a misleading way - apparently just after the final Quine's criticism - Carnap's proposal had been abandoned too quickly, considering it as a true and lawful expression of a foundational epistemology. The conclusion towards which this research is directed, takes an opposite way thus aiming at highlighting which could be, thanks to the guide line represented by the external/internal distinction, the carnapian's instances that are also found in the contemporary ontological and epistemological debates. The goal of Chapter I is to identify and analyze the origins of the distinction made by Carnap, both in Empiricism, Semantics and Ontology (1950) and in Replies and Systematic Expositions (1963), between internal/external questions and trying to show how this could not simply seem a trick used by Carnap, in the so-called semantic phase of his thought, to determine what the status of abstract entities could be as far as semantics is concerned. Chapter II is focused on the presentation of Quine's criticism particularly on the position pointed out by Quine in On Carnap's View on Ontology (1951) and Carnap and Logical Truth (1960). In Chapter III the recent proposal are described, particularly those supported by Huw Price, who address the possibility of considering the views of Carnap and Quine not opposite anymore but instead related even though following different point of view on certain issue. In Chapter IV - taking into account the conclusions reached in previous chapters, particularly in the third, about the possible influence of the distinction between internal and external questions on the post-positivist and post-foundational epistemology - the objective is to set up a comparison between the carnapian proposal and the kuhnian theory of scientific revolutions, analyzing the carnapian concept of scientific theory. Finally, Chapter V, considering that the distinction between internal and external questions, and in particular the article in which it is made explicit, are thought to be the main references to reconstruct the position taken by Carnap against ontological issues, is dedicated to an ontological depth of this perspective and of what, was described as "neutral attitude" by Carnap himself.
La distinzione tra internal ed external questions. Una rivalutazione della proposta carnapiana
PERFRANCESCHI, Linda
2009-01-01
Abstract
The central theme of the thesis is the analysis of the distinction between internal and external questions, pointed out by Carnap since 1950. In particular, the main objective on which the structure of the project is based, is to consider the possibility of re-interpreting the carnapian distinction and its consequences - despite Quine criticism - at different levels: linguistic, but mainly epistemological and ontological. The leading idea of this work is actually to consider the possibility that through the analysis of this distinction - referring in this regard also to the writings before and after 1950 - could emerge, on the one hand, the ineffectiveness of partial quinenan criticism and secondly, the influence that this distinction has had and still has on the post-positivist epistemology, as well as on the contemporary ontological debate, in some sense also metaphysical. The aim of the study is, in full harmony with what has been mentioned as a sort of carnapian renaissance, to show how, in a misleading way - apparently just after the final Quine's criticism - Carnap's proposal had been abandoned too quickly, considering it as a true and lawful expression of a foundational epistemology. The conclusion towards which this research is directed, takes an opposite way thus aiming at highlighting which could be, thanks to the guide line represented by the external/internal distinction, the carnapian's instances that are also found in the contemporary ontological and epistemological debates. The goal of Chapter I is to identify and analyze the origins of the distinction made by Carnap, both in Empiricism, Semantics and Ontology (1950) and in Replies and Systematic Expositions (1963), between internal/external questions and trying to show how this could not simply seem a trick used by Carnap, in the so-called semantic phase of his thought, to determine what the status of abstract entities could be as far as semantics is concerned. Chapter II is focused on the presentation of Quine's criticism particularly on the position pointed out by Quine in On Carnap's View on Ontology (1951) and Carnap and Logical Truth (1960). In Chapter III the recent proposal are described, particularly those supported by Huw Price, who address the possibility of considering the views of Carnap and Quine not opposite anymore but instead related even though following different point of view on certain issue. In Chapter IV - taking into account the conclusions reached in previous chapters, particularly in the third, about the possible influence of the distinction between internal and external questions on the post-positivist and post-foundational epistemology - the objective is to set up a comparison between the carnapian proposal and the kuhnian theory of scientific revolutions, analyzing the carnapian concept of scientific theory. Finally, Chapter V, considering that the distinction between internal and external questions, and in particular the article in which it is made explicit, are thought to be the main references to reconstruct the position taken by Carnap against ontological issues, is dedicated to an ontological depth of this perspective and of what, was described as "neutral attitude" by Carnap himself.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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