In questa tesi di dottorato viene approfondita la caratterizzazione degli inibitori delle amilasi esogene di frumento (α-AIs) e si valuta il ruolo di questa famiglia di proteine nelle manifestazioni allergiche al frumento di carattere alimentare. Gli α-AIs sono responsabili dell’insorgenza dell’asma del panificatore, e solo raramente sono stati associati a manifestazioni allergiche di tipo alimentare. Una proteina per essere definita un allergene alimentare deve soddisfare determinati parametri tra i quali la stabilità alla digestione gastro-enterica. Poiché in letteratura non vi sono dati relativi alla stabilità alla digestione degli inibitori dell’α-amilasi, in questa tesi è stata studiata l’attività biologica e la stabilità di uno tra i principali inibitori di frumento (l’inibitore dimerico 0.19) mediante protocolli in vitro ed in vivo. La prima parte della tesi è stata dedicata alla messa a punto di una metodica anti-zimografica per evidenziare in gel l’attività inibitoria α-AIs. È stato così possibile osservare per la prima volta forme eterodimeriche di queste proteine. In seguito è stata analizzata in vitro la stabilità alla digestione peptica dell’inibitore 0.19. In particolare, si è osservato come il realizzarsi di un’emulsione a livello gastrico contribuisca alla stabilità di questa proteina che quindi potrebbe ragionevolmente raggiungere l’intestino e sensibilizzare o scatenare reazioni allergiche, nonché fungere da fattore anti-nutrizionale inibendo l’attività di enzimi amilolitici. Questa ipotesi è stata saggiata mediante uno studio in vivo che ha permesso di evidenziare la presenza di inibitori delle amilasi immunologicamente attivi nell’intestino di animali alimentati con un prodotto cotto a base di frumento. L’analisi mediante IgE-blotting dei digeriti prelevati dagli animali non ha però permesso di evidenziare alcun inibitore allergenicamente attivo. Questo risultato concorderebbe con i dati in letteratura secondo i quali gli inibitori delle amilasi sarebbero coinvolti in allergie inalatorie ma non alimentari. Non bisogna però escludere che le condizioni sperimentali possono aver in qualche modo alterato l’allergenicità degli inibitori: in particolare la riduzione dei ponti disolfuro potrebbe aver denaturato importanti epitopi conformazionali, impedendo quindi il legame delle IgE. Diventa quindi estremamente interessante promuovere la messa a punto di nuovi protocolli sperimentali per l’analisi dell’allergenicità di proteine ricche in ponti disolfuro come quelle appartenenti alla superfamiglia delle prolammine.
This doctorate thesis deals with the characterization of wheat exogenous α-amylase inhibitors (α-AIs) e with the evaluation of their role in food allergy to wheat. α-AIs are responsible for the onset of Baker’s asthma, and less frequently they have been associated with food allergy to wheat. In order to define a protein a food allergen, this must fulfil some prerequisites, among which the stability to gastro-enteric digestion. Since in scientific literature there are no data concerning the stability of α-AIs to digestion, the objective of this thesis was to study the biologic activity and the stability of one of the major wheat amylase inhibitor (the dimeric inhibitor 0.19) by means of in vitro and in vivo protocols. The first part of the thesis was addressed to the development of and anti-zymographic method in order to detect the inhibition activity of α-AIs directly in the electrophoresis gel. Thanks to this technique, it was possible to study for the first time the heterodimeric forms of these proteins. The stability to in vitro peptic digestion of 0.19 inhibitor showed that the occurrence of an emulsion contributes to the stability of the protein. This means that the inhibitor could reasonably reach the gut and sensitize/elicit an allergic reaction. In addition it may act as an antinutritional factor by inhibiting the human amylolytic enzymes. This hypothesis was tested by an in vivo study that led to the immunodetection of α-AIs in the intestine contents of rats fed a wheat cooked product. The IgE-blotting analysis of the same samples did not allow to observe any allergologically active α-AI. This result is in accordance with previous publications that indicated α-AIs as responsible for inhalant but not food allergic manifestations to wheat. However, it must not be excluded that the experimental condition might have altered the allergenicity of the α-AIs. In particular, the reduction of the disulfide bridges might have denatured some conformational epitopes, hindering the binding of IgEs. It is evident that the development of new experimental protocols for the analysis of the allergenicity of disulfide-rich proteins, i.e. prolamins, is a crucial issue.
Studio dell'attività biologica e della stabilità alla digestione gastro-enterica degli inibitori e delle α-amilasi esogene di frumento
CONSOLINI, Marica
2009-01-01
Abstract
This doctorate thesis deals with the characterization of wheat exogenous α-amylase inhibitors (α-AIs) e with the evaluation of their role in food allergy to wheat. α-AIs are responsible for the onset of Baker’s asthma, and less frequently they have been associated with food allergy to wheat. In order to define a protein a food allergen, this must fulfil some prerequisites, among which the stability to gastro-enteric digestion. Since in scientific literature there are no data concerning the stability of α-AIs to digestion, the objective of this thesis was to study the biologic activity and the stability of one of the major wheat amylase inhibitor (the dimeric inhibitor 0.19) by means of in vitro and in vivo protocols. The first part of the thesis was addressed to the development of and anti-zymographic method in order to detect the inhibition activity of α-AIs directly in the electrophoresis gel. Thanks to this technique, it was possible to study for the first time the heterodimeric forms of these proteins. The stability to in vitro peptic digestion of 0.19 inhibitor showed that the occurrence of an emulsion contributes to the stability of the protein. This means that the inhibitor could reasonably reach the gut and sensitize/elicit an allergic reaction. In addition it may act as an antinutritional factor by inhibiting the human amylolytic enzymes. This hypothesis was tested by an in vivo study that led to the immunodetection of α-AIs in the intestine contents of rats fed a wheat cooked product. The IgE-blotting analysis of the same samples did not allow to observe any allergologically active α-AI. This result is in accordance with previous publications that indicated α-AIs as responsible for inhalant but not food allergic manifestations to wheat. However, it must not be excluded that the experimental condition might have altered the allergenicity of the α-AIs. In particular, the reduction of the disulfide bridges might have denatured some conformational epitopes, hindering the binding of IgEs. It is evident that the development of new experimental protocols for the analysis of the allergenicity of disulfide-rich proteins, i.e. prolamins, is a crucial issue.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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