1. APPLICATION OF MICROFLUIDIC TECHNOLOGY TO THE BIOMED-2 PROTOCOL FOR DETECTION OF B-CELL CLONALITY Il protocollo BIOMED-2 è frutto di una collaborazione tra più centri di ricerca volta alla standardizzazione ed ottimizzazione della rilevazione della clonalità nei disordini linfoproliferativi. Il protocollo prevede reazioni di PCR multiple che vengono analizzate attraverso l’elettroforesi capillare oppure l’analisi degli heteroduplex mediante elettroforesi su gel di acrilamide. Abbiamo testato uno strumento commerciale basato sulla elettroforesi microfluidica su chip (Agilent 2100 Bioanalyzer) quale possibile alternativa, per l’analisi delle PCR multiple del BIOMED-2, all’alettroforesi capillare e all’analisi degli heteroduplex. Abbiamo usato il protocollo per la rilevazione della clonalità delle cellule B che prevede 5 reazioni di PCR, tre per i geni delle catene pesanti delle immunoglobuline e due per i geni delle catene leggere kappa. Abbiamo testato 68 linfomi B: 33 follicolari e 35 nonfollicolari (18 leucemie linfocitiche croniche, 7 linfomi a grandi cellule, 1 linfoma della zona marginale della milza, 1 linfoma linfoplasmacitico, 1 leucemia a tricoleucociti, 1 linfoma di Hodgkin, 3 non-classificati e due casi senza la disponibilità dell’istologia), e 16 linfonodi reattivi. L’elettrofresi su chip ha rilevato monoclonalità in 62/68 campioni: 30/33 (91%) dei linfomi follicolari e 32/35 (91%) dei linfomi non-follicolari. L’interpretazione della clonalità in 19 su 22 campioni (86%) concordava con quella ottenuta mediante Southern blot. L’elettroforesi su chip è stata confrontata con l’elettroforesi capillare utilizzando 26 campioni. Sono stati ottenuti risultati concordanti per 68/78 riarrangiamenti per le catene pesanti e 48/52 riarrangiamenti per le catene kappa. La concordanza tra l’elettrofresi su chip e l’elettroforesi capillare nell’interpretazione della clonalità è stata del 96%. Possiamo concludere che questo strumento, basato sulla elettroforesi microfluidica su chip, è adatto per l’analisi della clonalità delle cellule B usando il protocollo BIOMED-2. 2. EVALUATION OF microRNA INVOLVEMENT IN FOLLICULAR LYMPHOMA DEVELOPMENT BY EXPRESSION PROFILING Il linfoma follicolare (FL) è un linfoma indolente che costituisce il 20%-30% dei linfomi non- Hodgkin’s. FL si presenta come un linfonodo (LN) infiltrato da cellule B del centro germinativo (B-GC). I microRNA sono una classe di piccole molecole di RNA non codificanti che svolgono dei ruoli chiave in molte vie metaboliche durante lo sviluppo e l’omeostasi cellulare. L’espressione aberrante dei microRNA è un aspetto comune nei tumori, compresi quelli ematologici, suggerendo un loro ruolo nello sviluppo di queste patologie. Dal momento che poco si sa sul ruolo che i microRNA coprono nello sviluppo dei FL, abbiamo analizzato i profili di espressione di 26 FL. Come controlli sono stati analizzati 12 linfonodi reattivi e 10 campioni di cellule B-GC purificate. Molti microRNA erano differenzialmente espressi confrontando i FL sia con i LN che con le cellule B-GC 21 purificate. Interessante è stato notare come l’espressione di alcuni microRNA presentasse un andamento opposto nei due confronti. L’espressione di miR-9/miR-9*, miR-30 family, miR-15-16 family, miR-34a, cluster-17~92 and miR-28 era, infatti, alta nei FL in confronto ai LN, mentre l’espressione era più bassa quando i FL venivano confrontati con le cellule B-GC purificate. Questi risultati suggeriscono che questi microRNA possano appartenere a una firma delle cellule B-GC e che i FL mantengano delle caratteristiche delle cellule B normali da cui derivano. Diversamente miR-21 e miR-219 erano sovra-espressi con un’alta significatività nei FL in confronto sia ai LN sia alle cellule B-GC purificate suggerendo un loro contributo nella patogenesi e nella progressione dei FL.
1. APPLICATION OF MICROFLUIDIC TECHNOLOGY TO THE BIOMED-2 PROTOCOL FOR DETECTION OF B-CELL CLONALITY The BIOMED-2 protocol is the successful result of a multicenter effort for standardizing and optimizing detection of clonality in lymphoproliferative disorders. The protocol requires multiple PCR reactions that are analyzed by either capillary electrophoresis or heteroduplex analysis on polyacrylamide gel-electrophoresis. We tested a commercially available microfluidic chip-electrophoresis apparatus (Agilent 2100 Bioanalyzer) as an alternative to capillary electrophoresis and heteroduplex analysis for the analysis of multiplex BIOMED-2 PCRs. We used the protocol for detection of B-cell clonality that requires 5 PCR reactions, three for immunoglobulin heavy and two for kappa light chain genes. We tested 68 B-cell lymphomas: 33 follicular and 35 non-follicular (18 chronic lymphocytic leukemia, 7 difuse large B-Cell lymphoma, 1 splenic marginal zone lymphoma, 1 extranodal marginal zone lymphoma, 1 lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma, 1 hairy cell leukemia, 1 Hodgkin lymphoma, 3 unclassified and 2 cases with no histology available), and 16 reactive lymph nodes. Chip electrophoresis was conclusive for monoclonality in 62/68 samples: 30/33 (91%) follicular lymphoma and 32/35 (91%) nonfollicular lymphoma samples. The interpretation of clonality was concordant for 19 of 22 samples (86%) analyzed by Southern blot. Chip electrophoresis was compared with capillary electrophoresis using 26 samples. Concordant results were obtained in 68 of 78 heavy chain and 48/52 kappa chain gene rearrangements. The concordance between the chip electrophoresis and capillary electrophoresis in the interpretation of clonality was 96%. We conclude that the chip-based apparatus is suitable for the analysis of B-cell clonality using the BIOMED-2 protocol. 2. EVALUATION OF microRNA INVOLVEMENT IN FOLLICULAR LYMPHOMA DEVELOPMENT BY EXPRESSION PROFILING Follicular lymphoma (FL) is an indolent lymphoma which accounts for 20%-30% of non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas. FL appears as a lymph node (LN) infiltrated by proliferating germinal center B-cells (GC B-cells). MicroRNAs are a class of small non-coding RNAs that play key roles in many cellular pathways during normal development and cellular homeostasis. Aberrant expression of microRNAs is a common feature of cancer and also of the haematological ones, suggesting they carry out an important role in the development of these pathologies. Since little is known on microRNA role in FL, we analyzed expression profile of 26 FL. As controls we profiled 12 LN and 10 purified GC Bcells samples. Many microRNA were differentially expressed when FL was compared to LN and to GC B-cells. Interestingly some of differentially expressed microRNA showed opposite trends in the two comparisons. The expression of miR-9/miR-9*, miR- 30 family, miR-15-16 family, miR-34a, cluster-17~92 and miR-28 was high in FL as compared to reactive LN, while the expression was lower when FL was compared to GC B-cells. Altogether these results suggested that these microRNAs may belong to a specific signature of GC B-cells and, therefore, that FL maintain the characteristics of the normal B-cells that they are derived from. Differently miR-21 and miR-219 were up-regulated with a high significance in FL compared to both FL and GC B-cells indicating their possible association with follicular lymphoma pathogenesis and progression.
Follicular lymphoma: validation of a novel approach for the detection of clonality and microRNA expression profiling
BERTOLASO, Anna
2009-01-01
Abstract
1. APPLICATION OF MICROFLUIDIC TECHNOLOGY TO THE BIOMED-2 PROTOCOL FOR DETECTION OF B-CELL CLONALITY The BIOMED-2 protocol is the successful result of a multicenter effort for standardizing and optimizing detection of clonality in lymphoproliferative disorders. The protocol requires multiple PCR reactions that are analyzed by either capillary electrophoresis or heteroduplex analysis on polyacrylamide gel-electrophoresis. We tested a commercially available microfluidic chip-electrophoresis apparatus (Agilent 2100 Bioanalyzer) as an alternative to capillary electrophoresis and heteroduplex analysis for the analysis of multiplex BIOMED-2 PCRs. We used the protocol for detection of B-cell clonality that requires 5 PCR reactions, three for immunoglobulin heavy and two for kappa light chain genes. We tested 68 B-cell lymphomas: 33 follicular and 35 non-follicular (18 chronic lymphocytic leukemia, 7 difuse large B-Cell lymphoma, 1 splenic marginal zone lymphoma, 1 extranodal marginal zone lymphoma, 1 lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma, 1 hairy cell leukemia, 1 Hodgkin lymphoma, 3 unclassified and 2 cases with no histology available), and 16 reactive lymph nodes. Chip electrophoresis was conclusive for monoclonality in 62/68 samples: 30/33 (91%) follicular lymphoma and 32/35 (91%) nonfollicular lymphoma samples. The interpretation of clonality was concordant for 19 of 22 samples (86%) analyzed by Southern blot. Chip electrophoresis was compared with capillary electrophoresis using 26 samples. Concordant results were obtained in 68 of 78 heavy chain and 48/52 kappa chain gene rearrangements. The concordance between the chip electrophoresis and capillary electrophoresis in the interpretation of clonality was 96%. We conclude that the chip-based apparatus is suitable for the analysis of B-cell clonality using the BIOMED-2 protocol. 2. EVALUATION OF microRNA INVOLVEMENT IN FOLLICULAR LYMPHOMA DEVELOPMENT BY EXPRESSION PROFILING Follicular lymphoma (FL) is an indolent lymphoma which accounts for 20%-30% of non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas. FL appears as a lymph node (LN) infiltrated by proliferating germinal center B-cells (GC B-cells). MicroRNAs are a class of small non-coding RNAs that play key roles in many cellular pathways during normal development and cellular homeostasis. Aberrant expression of microRNAs is a common feature of cancer and also of the haematological ones, suggesting they carry out an important role in the development of these pathologies. Since little is known on microRNA role in FL, we analyzed expression profile of 26 FL. As controls we profiled 12 LN and 10 purified GC Bcells samples. Many microRNA were differentially expressed when FL was compared to LN and to GC B-cells. Interestingly some of differentially expressed microRNA showed opposite trends in the two comparisons. The expression of miR-9/miR-9*, miR- 30 family, miR-15-16 family, miR-34a, cluster-17~92 and miR-28 was high in FL as compared to reactive LN, while the expression was lower when FL was compared to GC B-cells. Altogether these results suggested that these microRNAs may belong to a specific signature of GC B-cells and, therefore, that FL maintain the characteristics of the normal B-cells that they are derived from. Differently miR-21 and miR-219 were up-regulated with a high significance in FL compared to both FL and GC B-cells indicating their possible association with follicular lymphoma pathogenesis and progression.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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