Su alcune tipologie di russismi in ottica lessicografica. Interferenze e commistioni

When translating from one language to another, phenomena of interference between the two languages are not uncommon. An interesting example is provided by the so-called realia, i.e. words and expressions typical of a certain geographical area (Vlahov & Florin 1986). This study will consider different typologies of Russian realia (L1) that entered the Italian language (L2), focusing on their registration within Italian monolingual and Italian-Russian bilingual dictionaries. More specifically, I will compare the two sections of Russian-Italian bilingual dictionaries in order to evaluate (i) whether the types of Russian realia considered in this study are listed also in the Italian section, and (ii) how they are organised as lexical entries, that is, which Italian equivalents are offered, how they are exemplified, explained, etc. The analysis reveals that, when Russian realia enter the Italian language, a variety of adaptation processes occur at different levels (lexical, semantic, graphic and phonetic). Furthermore, this type of interferences between the two languages suggests important lexicographic trends in the way Russian realia are organised in bilingual dictionaries.