Cancer metastasis process is associated with a deep modulation of the immune system. When primary tumor initiated, it releases signals to distant organs, sculpting the microenvironment into the pre-metastatic niche (PMNs). At the same time, it releases circulating tumor cells (CTCs) into the blood, escape from immunosurveillance, and move to the suitable PMNs. The preparation of PMNs and induction of immunosurveillance are tightly related to the abnormal myelopoiesis that generates tumor promoting myeloid cells, including tumor- associated macrophages (TAMs), myeloid derived suppressive cells (MDSCs), and tumor associated dendritic cells (DCs). In our study, we observed a systemic mobilization of myeloid cells including granulocytes and monocytes, which is strongly correlated with cancer metastasis process. Myeloid cells develop from hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs). We discovered an expansion of hematopoietic stem cell (HSCs) and (multipotent progenitor 3) MPP3, and an upregulation of myeloid progenitors including common monocyte progenitors (cMoPs) and granulocyte progenitors (GPs) in highly metastatic tumor bearing mice. When we transplanted these tumor-trained HSCs into naїve recipients and challenge with the same tumor, these HSCs differentiated into more myeloid progenitors including MPP3 and cMoPs. These results suggested a tumor-MPP3-cMoP-MDSCs axis which can be associated with an epigenetic rewiring able to promote second tumor progression in the long standing. We expanded cMoPs in vitro and compared them with ex vivo cMoPs. Tumor-trained cMoPs and in vitro cMoPs both showed changed mTORC1 signaling and upregulated asparagine synthetase (ASNS) gene expression related with glutamine metabolism. Together, these cells contributed to tumor metastasis.
Il processo di metastasi del cancro è altamente correlato alla rimodulazione del sistema immunitario. Il tumore primario rilascia segnali agli organi distanti, generando un microambiente favorevole alla sua metastatizzazione, chiamato nicchia pre-metastatica (PMN). Allo stesso tempo, tende a rilasciare nel sangue cellule tumorali circolanti (CTC), che sfuggono all’immunosorveglianza, e si spostano nei PMN idonei. La preparazione delle PMN e l’inibizione dell'immunosorveglianza sono strettamente correlati alla mielopoiesi anomala che genera cellule mieloidi che promuovono il tumore, inclusi macrofagi associati al tumore (TAMs), le cellule soppressive di origine mieloide (MDSCs) e cellule dendritiche associate al tumore (DCs). Nel nostro studio, abbiamo osservato una mobilizzazione sistemica delle cellule mieloidi inclusi granulociti e monociti, che è fortemente correlata al processo di metastasi del cancro. Le cellule mieloidi si sviluppano da cellule staminali ematopoietiche (HSC) e cellule progenitori (HSPCs). Abbiamo scoperto un'espansione delle HSC e (progenitori multipotenti 3) MPP3 e un incremento dei progenitori mieloidi inclusi progenitori comuni monocitari (cMoP) e granulocitari (GP) in topi portatori di tumore metastatico. Quando abbiamo trapiantato cellule HSCs educate dal tumore in animali naїvenaïve che sono stati, successivamente, inoculati con lo stesso tumore. Abbiamo dimostrato che le cellule HSC trasferite si sono differenziate preferenzialmente in progenitori mieloidi tra cui MPP3 e cMoP. Questi risultati hanno suggerito un asse tumore-MPP3-cMoP- MDSC che sottende ad una riprogrammazione epigenetica capace di promuove la progressione distale del tumore. Abbiamo espanso le cellule cMoP in vitro e li abbiamo confrontati con le cellule cMoP ex vivo. Le cellule cMoP educate al tumore e le cellule cMoP differenziate in vitro presentano entrambe un profilo genetico caratterizzato dall’overespressione di mTORC1 e dell’espressione di asparagina sintetasi (ASNS) che correla con un’alterazione del metabolismo della glutammina.
Cancer induced trained innate immunity promotes metastasis.
Tian Wang
2024-01-01
Abstract
Cancer metastasis process is associated with a deep modulation of the immune system. When primary tumor initiated, it releases signals to distant organs, sculpting the microenvironment into the pre-metastatic niche (PMNs). At the same time, it releases circulating tumor cells (CTCs) into the blood, escape from immunosurveillance, and move to the suitable PMNs. The preparation of PMNs and induction of immunosurveillance are tightly related to the abnormal myelopoiesis that generates tumor promoting myeloid cells, including tumor- associated macrophages (TAMs), myeloid derived suppressive cells (MDSCs), and tumor associated dendritic cells (DCs). In our study, we observed a systemic mobilization of myeloid cells including granulocytes and monocytes, which is strongly correlated with cancer metastasis process. Myeloid cells develop from hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs). We discovered an expansion of hematopoietic stem cell (HSCs) and (multipotent progenitor 3) MPP3, and an upregulation of myeloid progenitors including common monocyte progenitors (cMoPs) and granulocyte progenitors (GPs) in highly metastatic tumor bearing mice. When we transplanted these tumor-trained HSCs into naїve recipients and challenge with the same tumor, these HSCs differentiated into more myeloid progenitors including MPP3 and cMoPs. These results suggested a tumor-MPP3-cMoP-MDSCs axis which can be associated with an epigenetic rewiring able to promote second tumor progression in the long standing. We expanded cMoPs in vitro and compared them with ex vivo cMoPs. Tumor-trained cMoPs and in vitro cMoPs both showed changed mTORC1 signaling and upregulated asparagine synthetase (ASNS) gene expression related with glutamine metabolism. Together, these cells contributed to tumor metastasis.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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