The coexistence of comorbidities has consistently been reported as a risk factor for an unfavorable prognosis in patients with COVID-19, significantly increasing the risk of severe complications, hospitalization, and mortality in COVID-19 patients. Preexisting chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, cardiovascular disease, such as coronary heart disease or heart failure, hypertension, atrial fibrillation, chronic kidney disease, diabetes mellitus, and physical inactivity/low cardiorespiratory fitness may increase the risk of COVID-19 severity and contribute to the severity of outcomes and prognosis. These comorbidities can complicate COVID-19 through various mechanisms, such as dysfunction of renin–angiotensin, circulatory, immunological, and blood coagulation systems. This chapter describes the connection between specific cardiovascular comorbidities and COVID-19 outcomes.
Cardiovascular comorbidities and COVID-19 outcomes
Lippi, Giuseppe;
2024-01-01
Abstract
The coexistence of comorbidities has consistently been reported as a risk factor for an unfavorable prognosis in patients with COVID-19, significantly increasing the risk of severe complications, hospitalization, and mortality in COVID-19 patients. Preexisting chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, cardiovascular disease, such as coronary heart disease or heart failure, hypertension, atrial fibrillation, chronic kidney disease, diabetes mellitus, and physical inactivity/low cardiorespiratory fitness may increase the risk of COVID-19 severity and contribute to the severity of outcomes and prognosis. These comorbidities can complicate COVID-19 through various mechanisms, such as dysfunction of renin–angiotensin, circulatory, immunological, and blood coagulation systems. This chapter describes the connection between specific cardiovascular comorbidities and COVID-19 outcomes.
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