In this survey we consider mathematical models and methods recently developedto control crowd dynamics, with particular emphasis on egressing pedestrians.We focus on two control strategies: The first one consists in using specialagents, called leaders, to steer the crowd towards the desired direction.Leaders can be either hidden in the crowd or recognizable as such. Thisstrategy heavily relies on the power of the social influence (herding effect),namely the natural tendency of people to follow group mates in situations ofemergency or doubt. The second one consists in modify the surroundingenvironment by adding in the walking area multiple obstacles optimally placedand shaped. The aim of the obstacles is to naturally force people to behave asdesired. Both control strategies discussed in this paper aim at reducing asmuch as possible the intervention on the crowd. Ideally the natural behavior ofpeople is kept, and people do not even realize they are being led by anexternal intelligence. Mathematical models are discussed at different scales ofobservation, showing how macroscopic (fluid-dynamic) models can be derived bymesoscopic (kinetic) models which, in turn, can be derived by microscopic(agent-based) models.
Mathematical models and methods for crowd dynamics control
Giacomo Albi;
2020-01-01
Abstract
In this survey we consider mathematical models and methods recently developedto control crowd dynamics, with particular emphasis on egressing pedestrians.We focus on two control strategies: The first one consists in using specialagents, called leaders, to steer the crowd towards the desired direction.Leaders can be either hidden in the crowd or recognizable as such. Thisstrategy heavily relies on the power of the social influence (herding effect),namely the natural tendency of people to follow group mates in situations ofemergency or doubt. The second one consists in modify the surroundingenvironment by adding in the walking area multiple obstacles optimally placedand shaped. The aim of the obstacles is to naturally force people to behave asdesired. Both control strategies discussed in this paper aim at reducing asmuch as possible the intervention on the crowd. Ideally the natural behavior ofpeople is kept, and people do not even realize they are being led by anexternal intelligence. Mathematical models are discussed at different scales ofobservation, showing how macroscopic (fluid-dynamic) models can be derived bymesoscopic (kinetic) models which, in turn, can be derived by microscopic(agent-based) models.
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