As a result of the automatization of care and time and staff rationing due to economic imperatives, the human aspects of clinical practice are too often undervalued or ignored, thus resulting in dehumanized care. On one hand, patients experience a lack of respect and autonomy which may negatively affect the patient-provider relationship. On the other hand, healthcare providers have to face a great performance accountability in the highly complex and increasingly fragmented healthcare environment. In this perspective, the human factor has been commonly considered as potential threat to patient safety and standardized healthcare. However, a new, alternative approach has recently reversed this trend, considering also the intrinsic characteristics of the human factor, such as flexibility, as essential resources for system resilience. This thesis sheds new light on the question of how patients, patients’ caregivers and healthcare providers may be strengthened and supported in care and risk management in order to be acknowledged and valued as resource for a resilient healthcare system. Divided into different chapters, it assesses the key elements of the concept of humanization of care, evaluates ways to empower two particularly vulnerable groups of patients (i.e., patients with mental health conditions, patients harmed by adverse events), examines the psychological responses and resources (i.e., psychological and psychosomatic symptoms, coping strategies) of healthcare providers involved in adverse events, and lastly outlines ways for promoting a new, blame-free patient safety culture for the next generation of healthcare providers, starting from early medical education and training. In conclusion, our findings underline that establishing and strengthening respectful, trusting patient-provider relationships is the core element of humanized healthcare. Promoting these relationships also implies for healthcare institutions fostering the individual persons that are part of this connection. Empowering patients and their caregivers in care and risk management and adequately supporting healthcare providers, particularly after adverse events, represents a promising way to recognize and value these humans as beneficial resource for a flexible, resilient, and thus high-performing healthcare system based on a positive safety culture.
La progressiva automatizzazione delle cure mediche, così come le ridotte risorse di tempo e di personale, imposte dalle ingravescenti restrizioni economiche, sono responsabili del fatto che sempre più spesso nella pratica clinica l’aspetto umano sia sottostimato o addirittura ignorato, determinando un approccio deumanizzato alla cura del paziente. Se da un lato i pazienti lamentano una minor soddisfazione nella relazione terapeutica, influenzata dalla loro percezione di una mancanza di rispetto e coinvolgimento nel percorso di cura, d’altro lato, gli operatori sanitari devono affrontare le continue richieste di efficientismo all’interno di un sistema sanitario caratterizzantesi per una crescente complessità e frammentazione. In quest’ottica il fattore umano è stato a lungo considerato un elemento di criticità per la sicurezza e la standardizzazione delle cure erogate ai pazienti; recentemente tuttavia una nuova prospettiva ha invertito questa tendenza, giungendo a considerare le caratteristiche intrinseche al fattore umano, come per esempio la flessibilità, risorse essenziali alla base della resilienza del sistema. Questa tesi supporta l’attuazione di un modello organizzativo in cui i pazienti, i famigliari e gli operatori sanitari siano supportati nel percorso terapeutico e nella gestione del rischio in quanto riconosciuti come una risorsa essenziale su cui fonda un sistema sanitario resiliente. Nei diversi capitoli vengono affrontati gli elementi chiave del concetto di umanizzazione delle cure, valutate possibili strategie di empowerment di due categorie di pazienti particolarmente vulnerabili (i.e., pazienti con disturbi mentali, pazienti vittime di eventi avversi), esaminate le risposte e le risorse psicologiche (i.e., sintomi psicologici e psicosomatici, strategie di coping) di operatori sanitari coinvolti in eventi avversi, e infine delineati percorsi finalizzati a promuovere, per le nuove generazioni, a partire dal percorso formativo in ambito medico, una nuova cultura della sicurezza del paziente priva di carattere punitivo. In conclusione, i nostri risultati sottolineano come una rispettosa ed onesta relazione medico-paziente sia l’elemento essenziale per una adeguata umanizzazione delle cure. La promozione di questo tipo di rapporto favorisce i singoli individui in esso coinvolti. L’ empowerment dei pazienti e dei famigliari nel percorso terapeutico e nella gestione del rischio clinico così come un adeguato supporto degli operatori sanitari, specie in caso di eventi avversi, sono fondamentali per riconoscere e valorizzare l’essere umano come risorsa per la creazione di un sistema sanitario flessibile, resiliente e quindi altamente performante.
The Human Factor as Resource in Care and Risk Management
Busch, Isolde Martina
2020-01-01
Abstract
As a result of the automatization of care and time and staff rationing due to economic imperatives, the human aspects of clinical practice are too often undervalued or ignored, thus resulting in dehumanized care. On one hand, patients experience a lack of respect and autonomy which may negatively affect the patient-provider relationship. On the other hand, healthcare providers have to face a great performance accountability in the highly complex and increasingly fragmented healthcare environment. In this perspective, the human factor has been commonly considered as potential threat to patient safety and standardized healthcare. However, a new, alternative approach has recently reversed this trend, considering also the intrinsic characteristics of the human factor, such as flexibility, as essential resources for system resilience. This thesis sheds new light on the question of how patients, patients’ caregivers and healthcare providers may be strengthened and supported in care and risk management in order to be acknowledged and valued as resource for a resilient healthcare system. Divided into different chapters, it assesses the key elements of the concept of humanization of care, evaluates ways to empower two particularly vulnerable groups of patients (i.e., patients with mental health conditions, patients harmed by adverse events), examines the psychological responses and resources (i.e., psychological and psychosomatic symptoms, coping strategies) of healthcare providers involved in adverse events, and lastly outlines ways for promoting a new, blame-free patient safety culture for the next generation of healthcare providers, starting from early medical education and training. In conclusion, our findings underline that establishing and strengthening respectful, trusting patient-provider relationships is the core element of humanized healthcare. Promoting these relationships also implies for healthcare institutions fostering the individual persons that are part of this connection. Empowering patients and their caregivers in care and risk management and adequately supporting healthcare providers, particularly after adverse events, represents a promising way to recognize and value these humans as beneficial resource for a flexible, resilient, and thus high-performing healthcare system based on a positive safety culture.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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Busch_Isolde Martina_PhD_thesis.pdf
Open Access dal 30/10/2021
Descrizione: Doctoral Thesis
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Tesi di dottorato
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