Gamma knife stereotactic radiosurgery for uveal melanoma: Clinical results after 2 years

We report on 36 cases of uveal melanoma treated at our center between March 1993 and September 1995. There were 16 men and 20 women, aged 57 +- 11 years. The choroid was affected in 35 patients and the ciliary body in 1. The same preoperative and follow-up protocol was adopted for all cases. The procedure included fixation and positioning of the eye with a retrobulbar injection of long-lasting anesthetic and two extraocular muscle sutures, application of the frame, computed tomography scan localization, dose planning and treatment with the Gamma Knife. The patients were divided into three groups. Group A: 10 patients with a follow-up of 24 +- 4 months, treated with a high dose (surface dose 58 +- 9 Gy, maximum dose 81 +- 15 Gy, mean dose 66 +- 11 Gy). Group B: 9 patients with a follow-up of 16 +- 2 months, treated with a lower dose (surface dose 41 +- 3 Gy, maximum dose 76 +- 10 Gy, mean dose 53 +- 11 Gy). Group C: 17 patients with a follow-up of 6 +- 3 months, treated with a lower dose (surface dose 42 +- 3 Gy, maximum dose 72 +- 16 Gy, mean dose: 54 +- 6 Gy). In group A, we observed marked tumor regression in 9 cases, tumor recurrence in 1 case and severe complications in 5 cases (neovascular glaucoma and/or radiation retinopathy and/or radiation optic neuropathy). In group B, significant local control of the tumor was obtained with minor complications (cotton wool spots, hard exudates, intraretinal hemorrhages). In group C, to date we have observed a regression of the tumor in 7 cases and 1 severe complication (neovascular glaucoma). Our data show that uveal melanomas may be adequately controlled by a high radiosurgical dosage (50-70 Gy), though there are significant side effects. Comparable levels of local tumor control may be obtainable using lower doses (40-45 Gy) which would hopefully reduce the rate of complications. However, a longer follow-up is needed for further validation of these results.